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High-tech companies have embraced the test strategy involving Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HILS). Stimulus instrumentation simulates sensor inputs and measurement instrumentation is used to capture and verify the control ouputs. Safety-critical controllers will usually go through a certification process where a series of faults are introduced, and the hardware’s response is checked to see that it operates in a safe and predictable manner. 

This type of test is especially valuable in Mil/Aero and safety-related circuitry. The circuit needs to keep whatever system it is working in to function as best as possible. For example, when a jet engine controller's, or FADEC's (Full Authority Digital Electronic Control), altitude sensor presents an open or short circuit to the FADEC, while flying at 10,000 meters, the circuit must attempt to keep the plane in the air until the pilot can safely land.

Market research has found that many companies who use HILS systems are constantly testing for firmware flaws, but they may not be testing for electrical faults. Testing of faults such as Opens, Shorts, incorrect VCC or Ground connections, and shorts to other signals are as critical as firmware flaws. Depending on the application, FI (Fault Insertion) should be considered in your overall test strategy.


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